收稿日期:2022-05-25
修回日期:2022-06-15
接受日期:2022-09-09
出版日期:2023-01-15
发布日期:2022-09-13
通讯作者:
桑为民
E-mail:aeroicing@sina.cn
基金资助:
Qilei GUO1,2, Weimin SANG1,3(
), Junjie NIU1, Ye YUAN4
更多阅读
Received:2022-05-25
Revised:2022-06-15
Accepted:2022-09-09
Online:2023-01-15
Published:2022-09-13
Contact:
Weimin SANG
E-mail:aeroicing@sina.cn
Supported by:摘要:
为解决无人机在复杂气象条件下易受结冰影响而威胁其飞行安全的问题,提出了一种考虑结冰风险的无人机航迹规划方法。 更多阅读首先,构建基于中尺度WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的结冰气象预测模型,通过最佳参数化方案组合的结冰气象模拟获得模拟时段内海南乐东地区的温度、压力、液态水含量(LWC)空间分布及时序变化。其次,构建基于代理模型的水滴收集质量快速预测方法。在获取美国联邦航空条例(FAR)25部附录C中连续最大结冰条件下40个采样点处水滴收集质量分布的基础上,利用本征正交分解(POD)降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,建立温度、压力、LWC、平均有效水滴直径(MVD)等结冰气象参数与水滴收集质量之间的代理模型,可快速预测出目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化。最后,根据飞机结冰强度划分等级,以不同结冰强度下水滴收集质量阈值为结冰安全约束,利用基于粒子群优化(PSO)的结冰容限航迹规划方法进行考虑结冰风险的无人机飞行策略研究。研究结果表明:利用WRF模式可获得温度、压力、LWC等结冰气象参数,预测值与观测值匹配良好;基于POD降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,构建的气象参数与水滴收集质量间代理模型可快速准确地获取目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化;基于PSO的结冰容限航迹规划方法可在不同结冰安全约束条件下,规划出无人机最优航迹。
中图分类号:
郭琪磊, 桑为民, 牛俊杰, 袁烨. 复杂气象条件下考虑结冰风险的无人机飞行策略[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(1): 627518.
Qilei GUO, Weimin SANG, Junjie NIU, Ye YUAN. UAV flight strategy considering icing risk under complex meteorological conditions[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(1): 627518.
表 1
4种微物理过程方案特征
| 微物理过程 | 方案特征 |
|---|---|
| WSM6方案 | 考虑了雨、水汽、云水、雪、云冰、霰等6种水成物的处理,允许混合相变过程和过冷水的存在,分开处理冰与水的饱和调整过程,适合格距在云尺度和中尺度间的格点研究。 |
| Purdue-Lin方案 | 一维云模型,可对水汽、云水、雨、云冰、雪、霰等6种水成物处理,考虑了夹带、云微物理、压力扰动、横向涡流扩散和垂直涡流扩散的影响,适合理论研究及高分辨率的实测数据研究。 |
| Thompson方案 | 可预测云水、云冰、雨、雪和霰等5种水凝物质量浓度及云冰和雨的数量浓度。该方案最初针对航空结冰问题而改进设定,采用了相对更为复杂的混合相过程公式,尤其是对雪类转换机制的定义使其对云中LWC预测表现出色。 |
| Morrison方案 | 基于完整的二矩(即质量混合比和数量浓度)方案,可预测与Thompson方案相同的5种水凝物的质量浓度,还可获得云冰、雪、雨和霰的数量浓度。对上述4种水凝物的质量混合比和数量浓度的预测可以更可靠地描述其尺寸分布。 |
结冰容限航迹规划算法 |
|---|
1. 设置必要算法参数,并随机产生一个初始种群 2. 计算每个粒子在初始时刻总的违反约束度TD m,超过容限则重新生成粒子 3. 迭代计算初始时刻种群的全局最优位置 4. while k ≤ kmax do 5. for i=1:K do 6. 更新PSO算法中的粒子i的速度 7. 根据 8. if 9. 粒子i视为暂时可行粒子 10. else 11. 粒子i视为暂时不可行粒子 12. end if 13. 如 14. 利用解的可行性原则更新粒子i的个体最优位置 15. end for 16. 更新种群的全局最优位置 17. for i=1:K do 18. 更新PSO算法中粒子的控制参数:w、c1、c2 19. end for 20. 迭代次数自加,即k = k + 1 21. end while 22. 输出种群的全局最优位置 |
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